Abstract: Jatrogricaine A ( 1 ), a new diterpenoid possessing a 5/6/6/4 carbon ring system, together with eight known diterpenoids ( 2-9 ) were isolated from the stems of Jatropha podagrica. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and compound 3 showed significant inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with an IC₅₀ of 13.44 ±0.28 μmol·L^-1, being comparable to the positive control, quercetin (IC₅₀ 17.00 ±2.10 μmol·L^-1).