Abstract: Gnaphalium affine D. Don, a medicinal and edible plant, has been used to treat gout in traditional Chinese medicine and popularly consumed in China for a long time. A detailed phytochemical investigation on the aerial part of G. affine led to the isolation of two new esters of caffeoylquinic acid named (-) ethyl 1, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinate ( 1 ) and (-) methyl 1, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinate ( 2 ), together with 35 known compounds ( 3 - 37 ). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and first-order multiplet analysis. All the isolated compounds were tested for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with an in vitro enzyme inhibitory screening assay. Among the tested compounds, 1 (IC₅₀ 11.94 μmol·L^-1) and 2 (IC₅₀ 15.04 μmol·L^-1) showed a good inhibitory activity. The current results supported the medical use of the plant.