Thirteen new peptaibols with antimicrobial activities from Trichoderma sp.

From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K ( 1−7 ), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O ( 8−13 ). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D ( 14−17 ) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols ( 1−13 ) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey’s method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols ( 1 − 7 , 14 − 17 ) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8−32 μg·mL⁻¹. Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL⁻¹.